The pandemic led to a significant disruption in dental services and reduced face-to-face dental visits. The result was a 65% decline in oral cancer referrals. For patients with oral cancer, early detection is crucial for survival.
Despite being largely preventable, oral cancer cases have risen by 58% over the past decade. Knowing about oral cancer, including what it is, who is at risk, and what to look for, can help you avoid a missed diagnosis.
Major Risk Factors for Oral Cancer
Anyone can get oral cancer, but some behaviors and medical conditions can put you at increased risk.
- Tobacco Use: Tobacco use is the primary risk factor, responsible for two-thirds of cases. According to experts at Johns Hopkins University, people who smoke are 10 times more likely to get oral cancer.
- Alcohol Consumption: Alcohol consumption is linked to approximately one-third of oral cancer cases.
- HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with 73-75% of oropharyngeal cancers.
- Age and Gender: Oral cancer comes at an increased risk as you age. Two out of three cases occur in men.
- Sun Exposure: Exposure to UV radiation can cause lip cancer, a form of oral cancer.
- Diet: A poor diet, including a lack of fresh fruits and vegetables, can increase your susceptibility.
If you are at high risk of oral cancer, it’s important to see your dentist regularly – every six months, ideally – to get screenings during dental examinations.
Oral Cancer Screening: A Routine Necessity
Regular screening should be part of every dental examination, especially for older people, people who use tobacco products, and people who drink alcohol. 90% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, often found on the tongue, tonsils, or floor of the mouth.
A thorough screening involves a systematic check of:
- Lymph nodes
- Lips
- Vestibule
- Buccal mucosa
- Gingivae
- Tongue surfaces
- Palate
- Oropharynx
During screenings, the dental professional will document abnormalities including location, size, appearance, texture, mobility, pain, duration, and progression. If a suspicious lesion is detected, the dentist will collect cells from the area and send them to a lab for analysis.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer
Knowing the early signs and symptoms of oral cancer makes it easier to get help.
- Leukoplakia: Leukoplakia is identified as white patches with uncertain malignancy risk. You’ll see these white patches on your gums, tongue, and the inside of your cheeks.
- Erythroplakia: Erythroplakia shows up as red patches with high malignant potential. You’ll see these patches on the soft tissue lining your mouth and throat.
- Erythroleukoplakia: Erythroleukoplakia is a mix of red and white patches, indicating high cancer risk. You’ll see these patches on your mouth or throat.
- Non-Healing Ulcers: Non-healing ulcers may be painless with rolled borders, comprised of hardened tissue.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes or Lumps: Swollen lymph nodes and lumps can be a potential indicator of malignancy.
Symptoms Requiring Urgent Referral
Not sure whether the lesion in your mouth is a normal canker sore or something worse? Here’s what to watch for:
- Ulcers or unexplained swelling lasting over three weeks
- Persistent red, white, or mixed patches
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing
- Chronic sore throat or persistent hoarseness
- Unexplained tooth mobility not linked to periodontal disease
- Facial numbness or unexplained nerve damage
If you’ve noticed any of the signs above, get help as soon as you can.
Referral Process for Suspected Oral Cancer
If you are suspected of having oral cancer, your dental professional can collect cells from the site and send them in for testing in a lab. Your dentist may also take pictures or X-rays to document your condition. Don’t wait to get help – every day counts when you have oral cancer.
Raising Awareness About Oral Cancer
Although many people have heard about oral cancer, most people don’t know the signs or what to watch for. They also don’t know the risk factors, and many people who have a higher risk don’t know it.
Many individuals who notice early signs of oral cancer choose to self-manage symptoms rather than seeking medical attention.
How Dental Professionals Can Help
Dentists can help patients by educating them about oral cancer risks and by encouraging patients to ask questions. If you’re a patient, don’t miss an opportunity to get a screening. If you’ve noticed an unusual lesion in your mouth, talk to your dentist as soon as possible.
The professionals at Weninger Dentistry are here to help. Contact us to get an oral screening with your next dental exam in Tampa, Florida.